Geography of Time Essay

The sixth chapter â€Å"Where is Life Faster† discusses differences between life tempos in different cultures trying to reveal in what culture life is the fastest. The author writes that it is very interesting for him to compare one culture to another because a lot of unknown facts contributing development of psychological studies will be identified. Authors’ comparison focuses on time and speed of life. Cultural tempo is argued to affect the quality of human life. Nevertheless, it may be tricky to compare different cultures because labeling individuals should have scientific or psychological basis. It is necessary to go beyond the boundaries in order to measure the tempo of life with accuracy and objectivity. The author finds it interesting to compare indicator of speed in working office in different countries. However, the research has failed as the author needed to find observable jobs and workers should be residents of particular country. Research at gas station has failed as well, because such businesses are not equivalent across countries. According to author’s research, the fastest countries are Japan and Western European countries. Western Europe has nine fastest countries and Japan is the only Asian countries with life tempo. The fist place in West Europe is given to Switzerland, whereas the second is given to Ireland. Ireland is characterized by the fastest walking speed, whereas Switzerland is characterized by the splendid findings. Surprisingly, New York hasn’t gained the highest scores as some workers in office move very slowly. In contrast, the slowest speed of life is observed in non-industrialized countries and it is the countries of Asia, Africa and Latin America. The slowest is claimed to be Brazil, Indonesia and Mexico. Daily life in these countries is very slow and Brazilians, for example, â€Å"not only expected the casual approach of life, but had abandoned any semblance to of fidelity to the clock†. (p. 136) In such a way the author shows that there are many ways to measure speed of life and the results shows that different cultures has their own life tempo. Further, the author compares Japan, the USA and Western Europe to identify which of the countries is La Dolce Vita. Much of European countries are characterized by opportunities to relax and in the pleasures of good life. Therefore, Levine suggests that La dolce Vita is easier for Europeans rather than for Asians and Africans. For example, Japanese work harder and have less time for relaxing. Europeans are claimed to live better than Americans. La Dolce Vita is welcomed in Italy as they try to balance hard work and leisure. It is necessary to underline that working week is longer in the USA than in most of European countries. However, Japan is characterized by the longest working week. For more than half a century the working week hasn’t been changed and it is argued that time for leisure is decreasing in the country and the nation has less time for themselves. In contrast, in Europe the tendency to work has been replaced by the tendency to relax. For example, without leisure workers in France are more irritating and nervous. Therefore, Western Europeans have more vacation time. For example, in France â€Å"workers by law receive at least five weeks and often six weeks of paid vacation†. (p. 143) When comparing countries examples of cultural differences are seen the most. However, speed of life varies across cities and regions of one country. It is true for the USA as well as the country is very large and each state has its own traditions and customs. The slightest geographical shifts are profound and for example, moving from Oklahoma to Texas is viewed as â€Å"entering France, say, out of Switzerland†. (p. 146) The author is willing to reveal whether there are differences between New York and other large cities. Research results demonstrate that Northeastern United States is viewed as fast-spaced, whereas Californians are more relaxed. Boston and New York are the fastest cities in the country, whereas Los-Angeles is claimed to be one of the slowest in the country. One of the biggest challenges was to measure accurately walking speed as in some regions it was hard to find any walkers at all.

A Study On Arranged Marriages - 1715 Words

Jessica Tovar Professor Berger Research Paper Core 7 Arranged Marriages Cultures and countries around the world have differing views on many topics such as whether or not babies should be baptized, vaccinations, abortion and marriages. One topic that has been of controversy and is viewed differently in many countries is marriage and whether or not arranged marriages are better than love marriages. There are several different reasons why people in India believe that arranged marriages are the best; likewise, people in Western countries such as the United States believe that love marriages are best. Most westerners have a misconception on arranged marriages. An arranged marriage is a marital union where the groom and the bride are chosen by a third party, such as a mother, father, grandfather or grandmother. Most often confused with a forced marriage, which is where the bride and groom are chosen by a third party and are forced to marry each other or suffer the consequences. In western countries, marriages are considered â€Å"love marr iages† where the bride and groom select each other and decide to get married based on their love and affection for one another. Even though arranged marriages and love marriages greatly differ from one another and each has advantages and disadvantages, neither one is better than the other in the long run. The primary difference between a love marriage and an arranged marriage is the person who selects the spouse. â€Å"In an arranged marriage, parentsShow MoreRelatedArranged Marriage And Other Types Of Marriage1635 Words   |  7 PagesAn arranged marriage by definition is a marriage planned and agreed upon by the families or guardians of the bride and groom. The amount of input a bride or groom has is based on the type of arranged marriage (Psychology Wiki). Arranged marriage is a sensitive topic as it involves the values, beliefs and core characteristics of many people. There are multiple views on arranged marriage, both positive and negative. In the west, most individuals have negative opinions on arranged marriage. ArrangedRead MoreEssay On Arranged Marriage1339 Words   |  6 Pages Marriage is considered to be an institution in which people commit to spend a lifetime together. People across the world can seek love through arranged marriages or through love marriages but the concept of spending a lifetime with your companion remains the same in each. There are different customs and traditions that are followed in different societal set-ups. For instance, arranged marriages is a common practice done in Japan. Parents feel as if their child have no consent in deciding who theyRead MoreThe Immigrant Advantage By Claudia Kolker878 Words   |  4 Pagescultural tradition of arranged marriages brought by South Asian immigrants to the United States. Kolker agrues that arranged marriages are much more effective in finding a spouse than traditional marriages. Kolker believes that this tradition of assistive marriage should be adopted by Americans. Research and studies have shown that â€Å"women in arranged marriages rated the highest marital status† (Kolker, 71) compared to couples who have arranged marriages. Arranged marriage is great for individualsRead MoreThe Marriage Of Marriage And Marriage1599 Words   |  7 Pagesvaccinations, abortion and marriages. One topic that has been of controversy and is viewed differently in many countries is marriage and whether or not arranged marriages are better than love marriages. There are several different reasons why people in India believe that arranged marriages are the best; likewise, people in Western countries such as the United States believe that love marriages are best. Most westerners have a misconception on arranged marriages. An arranged marriage is a marital union whereRead MoreArranged Marriages And Love Marriages1617 Words   |  7 PagesEnglish 1A 5 May 2015 Arranged Marriage: In the broadest sense, marriages have been divided into two general categories; arranged marriages and love marriages. As the name implies, an arranged marriage is defined as a marriage where the bride and groom are exclusively selected by a third party (usually their parents), while in a love marriage, people choose their marital partners based on their feelings or attraction for one another. In America and Western Europe, marriages based on love, have dominatedRead MoreMarriage in Culture: Practice and Meaning Across Diverse Societies1043 Words   |  5 Pages Marriage refers to a legal union between a man and a woman, where they become a wife and husband. A family refers to a social unit that consists of children and their parents. Divorce, on the other hand, is the dissolution of a marriage by a court of law or any other competent body. Explore the Variations of Marriage in Different Cultures Marriage is an institution that has formed the foundation of families throughout history. However, the traditions that surround marriage ceremonies, choosingRead MoreArranged Marriages : Women For Sale926 Words   |  4 PagesArranged marriages have been known to happen for several centuries. Arranged marriages are a type of marital union where a third party usually the parents of the pride and groom predetermine their martial agreement at a young age rather than each other select their own spouse. Historically, it was a primary way for a spouse to meet her or his future significant other. The traditional purposes of these types of unions were political, military, and social. They were common among the royalty and nobilityRead MoreThe Mango Season By Amelia Malladi1249 Words   |  5 Pagesnews articles I learned that arranged marriage is something that is still common in modern day and age. In this paper we will address arranged marriage portrayed in the book, arranged marriages in the news, how they related to traditional practices and lastly the conflict between the traditional practice and modern day. Arranged marriages are a process not throughly understood by western cultures but greatly encouraged by eastern cultures and religions. Arranged marriages are also often portrayed differentlyRead MoreThe Marriage Of Arranged Marriage1666 Words   |  7 Pageswife? That is how arranged marriages work, someone else choses your spouse for you. We are now living in a generation where we are highly influenced by what we see in the media. Cultures that practice arranged marriage are now shifting toward the Western norms of marriage. Many people are not familiar with arranged marriages and come to judge to quickly without having any knowledge on the topic. Arranged marriage is a marriage that is organized by two families for the marriage of their son or daughterRead MoreMarriage Is A Fundamental And Vital Establishment1467 Words   |  6 PagesMarriage is a fund amental and vital establishment across the large majority of cultures and societies around the world. An arranged marriage typically refers to a circumstance in which primarily someone other than the partners themselves chooses marriage spouses. These other persons are normally the parents, but they may also be another kin. It is a merging of not only two people, but of two families through the process of agreement as well. Nevertheless, arranged marriages are an intricate subject

Impact Of Globalization On Culture, Social Structure, And...

Impact of Globalization on Culture, Social structure, and Women’s Rights in the Middle East Marisa DiGiuseppe C11026914 INS 201 Professor Rodriguez October 7, 2014 Opposition to Globalization Although globalization is at heart an economic process, it is a complex and multidimensional process, which has political, cultural, and social dimensions. These dimensions and globalization’s gender aspects has greatly influenced the life of women in the Middle East. The various aspects of globalization have promoted growing contacts between different cultures, leading partly to greater understanding and cooperation and partly to the emergence of transnational communities and mixed identities (Moghadam, Valentine). The Library of Congress acknowledges that while many nations have embraced the changes globalization brings, more traditional societies have concerns about the nature of these changes and how their people will respond. Despite the increased international economic activities, diffusion of ideas, and mixing of cultures globalization is responsible for; the process has hardened the opposition of different identities. This opposition to globalization likely stems from the desire to maintain cultural integrity, to protect a nation’s heritage and religious traditions, and defend one’s social institutions amidst the global pressure to modernize and adopt new customs. This has taken the form of reactive movements in the Middle East, such as religious Islamic fundamentalism,Show MoreRelatedCapitalism, Globalization and the Perpetuation of Women’s Oppression: a Vicious Cycle1138 Words   |  5 PagesCAPITALISM, GLOBALIZATION AND THE PERPETUATION OF WOMENS OPPRESSION: A VI CIOUS CYCLE By Kelsey Lavoie NDYA, Provincial Youth Liason According to the World Bank, women make up 70% of the world’s poor and their wages world wide are on average 50% to 80% of men’s. One third of all households word wide are headed by women, they are responsible for half the world’s food production, and yet they own just one per cent of the world’s property. The majority of workers in sweatshops are women and the majorityRead MoreHow Does Social Inequality Affect People Of Different Nationalities? Ethnicities And Races? Essay1644 Words   |  7 PagesFINAL EXAM Junjie Ouyang SOC 101 015 Prof. Pinderhughes 12/15/2016 â€Å"1]. How does social inequality impact people of different nationalities [ethnicities races], classes, and genders in society.† Inequality is ubiquity in our world, most people are looking at the downside or the surface of this phenomenon. In fact, that inequality is the drive of historical and social progress. Have an interesting experiment explain what response when monkeys encounter inequality treatment. Experimenters prepareRead MoreImpact Of Globalization On Economic Growth And Development1250 Words   |  5 Pagescountry Nepal. The effect of globalization in our cultures and tradition is one of the major concern in the society. As we all know that, â€Å"Globalization is the process where products, capital market, economic and cultures are inter-related in the global world.† As Nepal is border North side by China, the world most developed countries and the other three sides i.e., west, east and south by India, which is also the one of the fastest developing countries. The globalization has had some positive effectsRead MoreGlobalization And Its Impact On Socio Economy1701 Words   |  7 PagesGlobalization and its Impact on Socio-Economy in India Dr. Mahendra Singh Associate Professor Department of Sociology Madhav University, Pindwara (Rajasthan) Abstract: Globalization was adopted by Indian Government during 1990-91 when Indian Economy was in a very bad shape. It was, however, adopted not as a solution to deteriorating Indian economy but to enable itself to get further foreign exchange loans from World Bank as its foreign exchange reserves were reduced to mere 3 weeks outflow. ToRead MoreAnt101 Final Research Paper1307 Words   |  6 Pagessociety develops culture that works best for them. Within these cultures they pass all their acquired knowledge and traditions down from generation to generation. Nevertheless, each culture has their own way of life, own marriage beliefs, their own values and feelings on life and religious beliefs. Cultures tend to have their own way to run their government, and ways to keep their economy up to their standards. Most importantly in cultural anthropology it is imperative to value culture relativism.Read MoreFamily Structure3365 Words   |  14 PagesThe impact of globalization on family–s tructure: a sociological study Abstract In the present research paper, we shall discuss a study which has been carried out on the Bengali community situating in the lowlands (Tarai) of the Udham Singh Nagar district of Uttarakhand and the effect of Modernization and Globalization on their family structure on this community. Its historicity lies in the fact that the Bengali community living in the lowlands of Udham Singh Nagar has all come from East PakistanRead MoreGender Marginalization5547 Words   |  23 PagesUNIT 3 Structure 3.1 Introduction MARGINALIZATION 3.2 The Meaning and Nature of Marginalization 3.3 The Types of Marginalization 3.4 The Causes of Marginalization 3.5 The Levels of Marginalization 3.6 Marginalized Groups 3.7 Let Us Sum Up 3.8 References and Selectedaeadings 3.9 Check Your Progress - Possible Answers 3.1 INTRODUCTION Marginality is an experience that affects millions of people throughout the world. People who are marginalized have relatively little control over their lives, andRead MoreOrganisational Behaviour Challenges Sb1292 Words   |  6 Pages groups, organization and cultures. â€Å"Organisational behaviour provides a set of tools and insights that allows people to understand, analyze, and describe the way in which one acts or conducts oneself. It allows the managers to improve, enhance or change work behaviours so that individuals, groups and the whole organization can achieve their goals. (Griffin Moorhead, 2010, p.6) A field of study that investigates the impact that individuals, groups and structure has on behaviour within organisationsRead MoreGlobal Management4057 Words   |  17 PagesGlobal Business Cultural Analysis: China LaTasha Baker GRST 500/501 Abstract Since the beginning of time when Adam and Eve left the garden, people have been increasing the geographic realm of their economics, political, social and ethnicity contacts. People begin connecting with other nationalities all of the world. This relationship provide wealth and progress along with adverse disputes within the relationship of countries (MacEwan, 2001). There are many reasons why companies covet to developRead MoreGlobalization Creates Inequality Essay1764 Words   |  8 PagesGlobalization is a complex phenomenon which has positive and negative implications. In one of the report by World Commission on the Social Dimension of Globalization, globalization is explained as â€Å"there is no point to globalization that reduces the price of a child’s shoes, but costs the father his job†. The chief characteristics of globalisation as explained by World Commission on the Social Dimension of Globalization are international trade, foreign direct investment, fina ncial flows, technology

Applying Decision Making Techniques to Identify Solutions...

Applying Decision Making Techniques to Identify Solutions How will the South Pacific Logistics and Transportation Company establish a greater and profitable presence on the Island of Kava? Considering all the physical, environmental and socio-economical issues previously discussed, how can a decision be made that will provide the best solution for both the corporation, its stakeholders and the community in which they operate? There are several tools and techniques available to guide decision makers during the analysis and evaluation process in order to reach the best possible decisions. One of this tools or techniques available during the decision making process is brainstorming. This technique can be used to produce a†¦show more content†¦Team decisions may take a bit longer, but will ensure the best decision is made. Finally after in dept evaluation and clear analysis of all relevant information priorities can be identified and various courses of action suggested as solutions to be implemented. Because of current crisis the local government may solicit help from international relief agencies along with the backing of private business operating in their community to help solve the current financial crisis created by catastrophes and the socio-cultural situation. The company founder stands behind these efforts and believes the organization must draw upon the strength of solid corporate responsibility policies for the guidance to help rebuild the infrastructure and financial strength of the local business and the general community. Sponsoring and providing volunteer employee help to community outreach programs such as Habitat for Humanity, the World’s Health Organization, and Doctors without Borders or UN food organizations could create an example to other multinational corporations operating within the community to join in on the rebuilding effort. These actions could create a much needed force of hope, and guidance, while enhancing the corporation’s posit ive image andShow MoreRelatedPlan-Do-Check-Act Cycle of Decision-Making1177 Words   |  5 PagesPlan-Do-Check-Act Cycle of Decision-Making There are a number of tools and techniques used to make sound business decisions that will help to resolve a particular problem or area that needs improvement. There is not one correct tool or technique to be used for each problem faced and not all are appropriate for all problems. He or she should examine the available tools and techniques and apply one or more than one that will help to resolve the problem faced. One of those tools and techniques is the Plan-Do-Check-ActRead MoreThe Army Problem Solving Model and The Rapid Decision Making and Synchronization Process1114 Words   |  5 PagesSolving Model (Process) with the Rapid Decision Making and Synchronization Process. (C100) Military leaders make decisions and solve problems every day. Some need a decision quickly while others can take time. The US Army has several decision-making methods to assist leaders. The Army Problem Solving Model (Process) (PSM) is a systematic approach to identifying the best possible solution to an issue or problem and a deliberate method of decision-making (FM 6-0, 2009). Leaders use it to solveRead MoreOverview Of An Implementation Of A Healthcare System1577 Words   |  7 Pagesinformation can be shared within healthcare organizations (Harrison, 2016). The process in which I am following will include, applying quality management tools, performance management measures, workflow concepts, and project management techniques to ensure positive outcomes and efficient workflow. As lead project manager, I will be dealing with problem solving, and decision making and to achieve appropriate outcomes I need to make sure we have a strategic plan and guidelines to follow. The relationshipRead MoreSystems Thinking1469 Words   |  6 Pagesorganizational strategy, (b) evaluate the use of systems thinking in the selection of performance measurements in different organizations, (c) compare decision-making processes and tools used by different organizations, (d) determine how to institutionalize sustained performance improvement in different organizations, (e) assess how systems thinking solutions promote organizational goals, and (f) analyze the effect of process improvement on the goals of the organization. Systems Thinking and OrganizationalRead MoreApplying Decision Making Techniques941 Words   |  4 PagesApplying Decision Making Techniques to Identify Solutions How will the South Pacific Logistics and Transportation Company establish a greater and profitable presence on the Island of Kava? Considering all the physical, environmental and socio-economical issues previously discussed, how can a decision be made that will provide the best solution for both the corporation, its stakeholders and the community in which they operate? There are several tools and techniques available to guide decisionRead MoreEssay on Plan for Success2642 Words   |  11 PagesPlanning is a process of establishing a mission with clear goals as a means to achieve them. Good planning requires special skills and perspectives allowing decision-makers to understand the challenges they are facing and apply the most effective solution to a problem. In order to achieve success, one must plan accordingly. Planning can be short term or long term. Short term plans are done on daily basis and are easier to achieve than long term plans. Long term plans are also known as st rategic plansRead More1.Introduction. The Purpose Of This Report Is To Examine1390 Words   |  6 Pagestechnology solutions into improving the material and information flows that the pharmaceutical supplier, GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) is one of the world’s leading pharmaceutical companies, uses several systems, such as vendor managed inventory, decision support system and e-procurement, in their business operations. The next part of this report introduces the technology implementation barriers when applying these systems and models in the process management. The report closes with giving some solutions to tackleRead MoreApplication Of Theory For Clinical Nursing Practice1278 Words   |  6 Pagesnursing practice is to guide assessment, interventions, and evaluation of nursing care. Theory in nursing practice provides a rationale for collecting reliable and valid data about the health status of clients, which are essential for effective decision making and implementation. Nursin g theory also serves as a guide assessment, interventions, and evaluation of nursing practice. Theories can address important questions for nursing units. Theories can be grand, middle range and practice. Grand theoriesRead MorePlan For Success Essay2474 Words   |  10 Pagesapplied contingency plan does not end the planning process (Pfeiffer 45). In addition to planning, decision-making is essential for managers and leaders. Every organization has its own decision makers; they can either make an organization prosper or fail. In the decision-making process, managers identify problems, evaluate possible solutions, and choose solutions to problems. In this process, decision makers must consider several factors such as creativity, clear judgment, and a clear understandingRead MoreInnovation Process1310 Words   |  6 Pagesmarketer, and distributor of nonalcoholic beverages by which the company has products sold in 200 counties world wide. In this paper Team B will identify and explain the four phases of the innovative process. Using Coca-Cola as the subject company, there will also be discussions on the applications of the innovative process and identifying the tools and techniques that can be found useful in the process. Finally, there will be examination regarding the measurement of results and the steps Coca-Cola can

International Journal Mental Health Systems â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The International Journal Mental Health Systems? Answer: Introduction Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a disorder that develops in some individual after exposure to a threatening, dangerous, scary or shocking event. For instance, victims of war are likely to develop PSTD. This assignment is based on the case of Razzaq, a refugee from Iraq who lives in Australia and has been experiencing symptoms of PTSD. Firstly, it will discuss the symptoms of Razzaq and available help from an RN and other care providers. Secondly, the assignment will explore the mental health assessments required to examine Razzaq. Thirdly, it will discuss the interventions to manage Razzaq. Fourthly, it will examine the ethical and legal principles to required in patient-centred care. Finally, the paper will determine the cultural needs of the Razzaq and discuss culturally based care for the patient. The presenting symptoms of Razzaq Razzaq presented with several symptoms, which are intrusion, avoidance, and hyperarousal symptoms. Intrusion symptoms are symptoms that cause a victim to re-experience traumatic events and might be uncontrollable and unintentional. Razzaq presented with intrusion symptoms including awful nightmares and flashbacks. According to the case study, the washing machine reminds him of the noises from war, which is a disturbing flashback. Flashbacks are disturbing because the event starts from what the victim regards to be the gravest point of their past trauma (Hirsch Holmes, 2007). Avoidance symptoms cause a victim to avoid places or items that remind of their past trauma. Razzaq tends to hide away for days to avoid his family. Avoidance behaviour symptoms make it challenging for victims to engage in social functions and live a normal social life (Levin, Kleinman, Adler, 2014). Hyperarousal symptoms include irresponsible behaviour, anger as well as angry outbursts. Razzaq presented with h yperarousal symptoms since he gets angry and yells at his wife and children. Also, he has hit his wife on various occasions due to anger. Assitance from an RN and other healthcare providers for Razzaq and his family An RN is in a better position to provide support for Razzaq because he has discussed his symptoms. The primary goal of the provider is to enable the victim and family to develop a sense of empowerment and attain control over their symptoms. The RN and other healthcare professionals should first understand how the symptoms make Razzaq feel for them to achieve this objective. They should then strive to develop a communicative and trust-based relationship with Razzaq to open up a pathway for recovery. The techniques that the nurse can use are listening, normalising responses and reframing. The RN and other healthcare professionals should be amenable and listen to Razzaqs expressions of his feelings. As revealed through the case study, the Razzaqs feelings are negative and include the expression of anger, shock and depression (Benson Thistlethwaite, 2009). The nurse should allow Razzaq to express these feelings because the primary role is to listen without judging the victim. To normali se Razzaqs responses towards the traumatic event, the RN and other healthcare professionals should endeavour to support the victims strengths in the face of the trauma. Razzaq should then be trained on coping techniques based on his strengths. The family should also be advised to accept Razzaq as a member of the family and help him fit in the social life. Family therapy that involves Razzaqs wife and children might be helpful in this case. Approaching a victim based on their strengths and capabilities is more therapeutic than emphasising on their problems and shortcomings (Rumpler, 2008). Most importantly, the care provider should inform Razzaq that the traumatic event did not occur because he is a horrible person or deserved it. Three mental health assessments required to assess Razzaq The mental health assessments that are needed for Razzaq are PTSD symptoms, the severity of depression and the exposure to war. Cross-cultural sensitive and refugee adapted assessments that can be used for Razzaq are IES-R, Hopkins Symptom Checklist and Afghan War Experience Scale. PTSD Symptoms For Razzaq, the symptoms of PTSD can be assessed using the impact of events scale-revised (IES-R). The IES-R is a self-report scale that is widely used to assess PTSD symptoms. In the past, this tool has been used to measure the symptoms of PTSD in Afghan and Iraq refugees in Australia. This assessment tool has solid psychometric properties and a good internal consistence. One study was designed to test the diagnostic utility of the IES-R as an assessment tool for PTSD in individuals exposed to war. Two independent samples, n=854 and n=3313 were used for this study for this study (Morina, Ehring, Priebe, 2013). Based on this analysis, the IES-R will be an appropriate tool for assessing the mental health status Razzaq. Severity of depression symptoms The severity of depression symptoms will be a fundamental mental health assessment for Razzaq. The mental health assessment can be performed using the Hopkins Symptoms Checklist-25 (HSCL-25). This diagnostic tool is a 25-item questionnaire consisting of two scales for anxiety and depression symptoms (Rickels, Khalid-Khan, Gallop, Rickels, 2009). The depression symptoms scale contains 15 items while the anxiety symptoms consist of 10 items. In the diagnosis of depression, the HSCL-25 portrays high internal consistency, test-retest reliability and good validity. Thus, the HSCL-25 is an appropriate assessment tool for Razzaq. The rate of exposure to war Razzaq should be assessed mentally to determine the level of exposure to war and violence. The Afghan War Experience Scale (AWES) can be applied to assess the level of exposure to war. This assessment tool is a scale that asks candidates or victim whether they have been exposed to the indicated 17 war-linked experiences or loss or violence (Slewa-Younan, Yaser, Guajardo, Mannan, Smith, Mond, 2017). There are three possible choices for participants including once (1), more than once (2), or never (0). The possible scores for a participant range from 0-34 (Yaser, Slewa-Younan, Smith, Olson, Guajardo, Mond, 2016). A candidate who has a high score indicates that they have been exposed to war-related experiences. The interventions to safely manage Razzaqs PTSD CBT is a kind of psychotherapy that intends to help victims realise negative thoughts, perceptions, feelings or behavioural pattern and consequently trains the victim how to replace the negatives with positives. This therapy identifies and modifies misinterpretations that cause patients to overestimate their current threat as well as interpreting their behaviours during the trauma (Bisson, Cosgrove, Lewis, Roberts, 2015). Also, this psychotherapy teaches the victims on how to embrace healthy patterns. CBT will be useful and safe for Razzaq because it focuses on the symptoms of PTSD, depression and phobias. One study by Rhoads and colleagues found that CBT was helpful for patients and delivered good outcomes (Rhoads, Pearman, Rick, 2007). This study revealed that even if a nurse has minimal training on CBT, she can be helpful to the patients. Cognitive restructuring Cognitive restructuring teaches the victims that negative thoughts occur due to unhealthy thinking. In turn, the patient experiences behavioural problems like poor social relationships and substance abuse. When the victim acknowledges the link between negative feelings and unhealthy thinking, they are in a position to identify and avoid the deleterious behaviours and symptoms (Rickwood Bradford, 2012). This therapy is appropriate for Razzaq because he has harmful thoughts that need to be replaced with positive thinking. Exposure therapy In exposure therapy, a victim is exposed to a situation that is similar to their past trauma with the aim of teaching that negative symptoms happen due to their past trauma. Additionally, it aims to teach the patient that a potential trigger is controllable. A patient can be helped to confront their past trauma through verbal or written narrative, delineating the course of the traumatic experience (Bisson, Cosgrove, Lewis, Roberts, 2015). Patients are trained through continuous exposure although some experiences might be unpleasant. Razzaq requires exposure therapy because of his past traumatic events. For instance, when the washing machine is turned on, he hears a car backfire. Medication The medication option for treating Razzaq is SSRIs. This class of medicines has been found to be effective in managing the symptoms of PTSD. Besides, the SSRIs have been assessed for a wide range of trauma types such as witnessing injury, physical abuse and compact (Sullivan Neria, 2009). Sertraline and paroxetine are the two main drugs under this class of medicine (Rhoads, Pearman, Rick, 2007). Sertraline will be the most effective medicine for Razzaq due to its effectiveness in improving hyperarousal and avoidance symptoms. Nursing care interventions to improve Razzaq's well-being The nurse can train Razzaq on how to reduce anxiety and depression. Razzaq can be trained on relaxation techniques, breathing techniques as well as exercises that enhance social skills. Teaching the victim on the symptoms of PTSD can also be helpful because it will help him to identify detrimental symptoms. The nurse can also ensure that the victim takes prescribed medications correctly and assess the response to medication. The nurse can also refer Razzaq to other places for social support like community organisations. In this case, the patient will learn coping skills by participating in social activities. Ethical and legal principles in providing patient-centred care When offering patient-centred care, the patient should be involved in decision-making towards their treatment plan (Thomas Chaperon, 2010). The involvement of the patient is a fundamental aspect towards designing the treatment plan. The patient should then offer consent for the kind of treatment that will be administered. Thus, informed consent is important in patient-centred care. Human rights The healthcare provider should observe and promote human rights when offering patient-centred care. They should know that embracing the principles of human rights in health care, entails identifying, respecting, constantly enhancing and safeguarding the rights of the patient. Violation of these rights might result in severe health implications (Thomas Chaperon, 2010). Do no harm The healthcare professionals should deliver holistic, safe as well as evidence-based care to realise the patients outcome. Any treatment, intervention or action that might harm the patient should be avoided (Brophy, Roper, Hamilton, Tellez, McSherry, 2016). The patient should be monitored progressively to determine their outcomes. Respect others Every patient should be respected regardless of their ethnic background. RNs should observe the ACSQHC recommendations. These recommendations support the need to practice cultural respect and diversity (Thomas Chaperon, 2010). The patient should then be supported to realise better outcomes. Cultural needs and culturally based care for Razzaq Razzaq and the family require a comprehensive understanding of PTSD. Within the Iraqi community, a person who has a mental illness is viewed as crazy and might be stigmatised. Hence, knowledge of PSTD will be fundamental in addressing the issue of stigmatisation. Another cultural requirement is the assistance for cross-cultural communication. Razzaq is a refugee from Iraq and might have limited English skills (Guajardo, Slewa-Younan, Santalucia, Jorm, 2016). He needs help to communicate to the registered nurse and other healthcare providers. Besides, the victim requires help to overcome the barriers to seeking professional care. Based on their Muslim belief, Iraqi refuges might prefer to read the Koran rather than seek professional assistance for mental health. Culturally based care for Razzaq The culturally based care for Razzaq should include various pertinent principles which result in improved mental health. The care should be offered by a multidisciplinary team comprising of a psychiatrist, psychologist, registered nurse and culture-specific healthcare provider (mostly from Iraq). Due to language differences, the care should include an interpreter (Kirmayer, et al., 2011). Health care information on the symptoms of PTSD and importance of treatment should be included in Razzaqs therapy. The victims beliefs especially the Muslim religion should be respected throughout the therapy. Razzaqs family should also play a central role in advancing his treatment and offering social support. Finally, the provider should observe the legal and ethical principles when offering care. Conclusion Appropriate diagnosis and management of PTSD are important in helping the patient to lead a normal life. Registered nurses and other healthcare professionals play a fundamental role in diagnosing, treating and training the patients with PSTD how to manage their symptoms. As discussed in this paper, Razzaq requires support and empowerment to overcome the intrusion, avoidance, and hyperarousal symptoms. Due to his background, Razzaq requires culturally suitable treatment. This paper has proposed culturally suitable mental health assessments and treatments that can be used for Razzaq since he is a refugee from Iraq. Conclusively, culturally appropriate treatment should focus on meeting the cultural needs of the patient and their family. References Benson, J., Thistlethwaite, J. (2009). Mental Health Across Cultures: a practical guide for health professionals. Radcliffe publishing. Bisson, J., Cosgrove, S., Lewis, C., Roberts, N. (2015). Post-traumatic stress disorder. The BMJ , 351. Brophy, L., Roper, C., Hamilton, B., Tellez, J., McSherry, B. (2016). Consumers and their supporters perspectives on poor practice and the use of seclusion and restraint in mental health settings: results from Australian focus groups. International journal of mental health systems , 10 (1), 6. Guajardo, M., Slewa-Younan, S., Santalucia, Y., Jorm, A. (2016). Important considerations when providing mental health first aid to Iraqi refugees in Australia: a Delphi study. International journal of mental health systems , 10 (1), 54. Hirsch, C., Holmes, E. (2007). Mental Imagery in Anxiety. Psychiatry , 6 (1), 161-165. Kirmayer, L., Narasiah, L., Munoz, M., Rashid, M., Ryder, A., Guzder, J., et al. (2011). Common mental health problems in immigrants and refugees: general approach in primary care. Canadian Medical Association Journal , 183 (12), E959-E967. Levin, A., Kleinman, S., Adler, J. (2014). DSM-5 and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. The Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law , 42 (2), 146-158. Morina, N., Ehring, T., Priebe, S. (2013). Diagnostic utility of the impact of event scalerevised in two samples of survivors of war. PLoS One , 8 (12), e83916. Rhoads, J., Pearman, T., Rick, S. (2007). Clinical Presentation and Therapeutic Interventions for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Post-Katrina. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing , 21 (5), 249-256. Rickels, M., Khalid-Khan, S., Gallop, R., Rickels, K. (2009). Assessment of anxiety and depression in primary care: value of a four-item questionnaire. The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association , 109 (4), 216-219. Rickwood, D., Bradford, S. (2012). The role of self-help in the treatment of mild anxiety disorders in young people: an evidence-based review. Psychology research and behavior management , 5 (1), 25-36. Rumpler, C. 2. (2008). How do you Intervene in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder SymptConclusionoms Associated with Traumatic Injury? Rehabilitation Nursing , 33 (5), 187-191. Slewa-Younan, S., Yaser, A., Guajardo, M., Mannan, H., Smith, C., Mond, J. (2017). The mental health and help-seeking behaviour of resettled Afghan refugees in Australia. International journal of mental health systems , 49. Sullivan, G., Neria, Y. (2009). Pharmacotherapy in post-traumatic stress disorder: evidence from randomized controlled trials. Current opinion in investigational drugs , 10 (1), 35-45. Thomas, L., Chaperon, Y. (2010). Patient Safety on Patient-centred care: improving Patient Safety on Patient-centred care: improving and consumer. Retrieved 9 23, 2017, from Australian Nursing Federation: https://anf.org.au/documents/submissions/ANF_Submission_Patient_centred_care_Dec_2010.pdf Yaser, A., Slewa-Younan, S., Smith, C., Olson, R., Guajardo, M., Mond, J. (2016). Beliefs and knowledge about post-traumatic stress disorder amongst resettled Afghan refugees in Australia. International journal of mental health systems , 10 (1), 31.

Why Educators Should Do Research

To adapt to the requirements of the constantly developing school environment, it is necessary to be a reflective practitioner who is able to rethink and analyze the achievements and weaknesses in conducting the definite teaching strategy in order to be more successful or improve the results in the future.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Why Educators Should Do Research specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More From this point, the reflective practitioner is a person who understands the accomplishments and results of the work and can develop the plan for the further actions basing on the analysis and provided conclusions. It is important to note that such an approach leads to the improvement of the strategies and action plans. As a result, the effectiveness of the reflective practitioner grows. That is why, teachers should be reflective in order to have the opportunities to develop their skills and correct the approaches t o teaching students because the reflective practitioner is the effective practitioner who knows all his or her strengths and weaknesses and can work to develop or overcome them. The teachers can be discussed as reflective practitioners when they concentrate not only on reflecting their own work results but also on helping students reflect on their achievements. According to Ash and Clayton, self-reports are not enough to guarantee the effective reflection. The accents should be made on the activities close to reality which help students understand the level of their successes and analyze their experience (Ash Clayton, 2004). Moreover, the emphasis on the students’ reflection can help the teacher as the reflective practitioner explore the details of his or her own teaching strategy (Minott, 2009). Beginning the lesson, teachers set definite learning objectives, and the reflection activities for students and teachers help analyze the level of completing these objectives.Advert ising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More I understand that my reflective practices should be based on analyzing my successes as a teacher along with analyzing the students’ achievements and interests. From this point, the reflection is necessary to compare the result of teaching with the definite standards and develop the strategies to teach the new material. I am inclined to use the reflection as the practice to correlate the content of the lesson with the students’ needs and their previous successes, to continue teaching the definite material with references to assessing the previous results. Thus, the reflection is the best way to assess the activity objectively and improve the used strategy with the help of changing the approaches or choosing another learning style which can be discussed as effective for this definite situation and this group of students. To be an effective teache r, it is important to be not only a teacher leader but also a reflective practitioner. As a result, being a leader, the teacher should be ready to risk in order to change the situations for better, and being a reflective practitioner, the teacher should analyze his or her activity and make the necessary research to improve the performance according to the fixed standards. The problem is in the fact that many teachers are not ready to change the familiar approaches to teaching according to the contemporary tendencies or changing situations because they are not ready to risk. That is why, it is important to answer the question about the readiness to risk to receive the possibility to reflect on one’s leadership qualities, flexibility, and ability to conduct the research to improve the situation if it is necessary (Phelps, 2008).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Why Educators Should Do Research specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The teacher should be prepared for risks of such a kind because it is necessary to constantly adapt to different environments and students’ groups because they have different interests and levels of the skills’ development. In spite of the fact I am not ready to resolve immediately all the problematic situations which can occur within the classroom environment because of the lack of the enough experience, I can state that I am prepared to risk of what is comfortable for me in order to create the better conditions for students. I am inclined to think that it is the first step to develop the skills of the reflective practitioner or the reflective change agent as well as the teacher leader. In this case, the reflective change agent always chooses the provision of the necessary alternations in the teaching approach according to the conclusions affected by the reflection results. This is the practice which is chosen by me to improve the students’ a bilities. It is possible to determine the main areas in the educational environment which need researching in order to respond to the students’ demands. These areas are teaching and learning as the constituents of pedagogy and the communications between students and the other teachers in order to create the positive environment for students to receive the new knowledge and develop their skills. The research is important to deepen my knowledge in relation to the mentioned areas because there are a lot of factors and aspects to be used to overcome this or that situation. When teachers do not use the research they limit their possibilities for the development, for finding solutions, and for broadening the perspectives.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More References Ash, S. L., Clayton, P. H. (2004). The articulated learning: An approach to guided reflection and assessment. Innovative Higher Education, 29(2), 137-154. Minott, M. (2009). The role of reflection in the differentiated instructional process. College Quarterly, 12(1), 1-10. Phelps, P. H. (2008). Helping teachers become leaders. Clearing House, 81(3), 119-122. This essay on Why Educators Should Do Research was written and submitted by user Keaton Irwin to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on A True Vet

A True Vet It isn’t hard to explain why Odysseus is such a good character. He is a very realistic one. Vietnam was a war that lasted close to fifteen years and many men lost their lives there. Some of those men who survived have never been the same since they have come home. Homer knew what it felt like to go through war because his description of Odysseus is very good. According to Edwin Burgess article Odysseus in Vietnam â€Å"Odysseus shows many post war stress symptoms, just as a real soldier would.† After the Trojan War and his long journeys, when Odysseus returns home he is not able to trust or be close to anyone. He has emotional outbursts by using violence to solve his problems. Also signs of criminal activity and sexual adventurism are evident. When the vets came home from Vietnam they were not embraced or cared for, instead they were neglected and treated poorly. They had just risked their lives fighting for their country and got nothing in return, even worse they were abused by their fellow Americans. I can’t imagine what that must feel like. Odysseus could relate though. He spent so many years away from home fighting for his people and himself, to come home and find his friends trying to covet his wife. The only feeling I can imagine describing this is betrayal. I found this quote on a website about Vietnam vets and the question asks to the vet was: What was the worst thing about Vietnam? Having my old friends from high school telling me about their college protests and how "right" their cause was and how wrong we "baby killers" were - that hurt! By far, this was the worse thing about being in Nam for me. I can forget about the bugs, the rats, the physical wounds and the VC - but being betrayed by your own country, hurt more than any thing else. No other wound hurt so bad - not even getting bounced on my head by a rocket explosion. To this very day - this is my biggest soul killing memory of the Nam. -Bill ... Free Essays on A True Vet Free Essays on A True Vet A True Vet It isn’t hard to explain why Odysseus is such a good character. He is a very realistic one. Vietnam was a war that lasted close to fifteen years and many men lost their lives there. Some of those men who survived have never been the same since they have come home. Homer knew what it felt like to go through war because his description of Odysseus is very good. According to Edwin Burgess article Odysseus in Vietnam â€Å"Odysseus shows many post war stress symptoms, just as a real soldier would.† After the Trojan War and his long journeys, when Odysseus returns home he is not able to trust or be close to anyone. He has emotional outbursts by using violence to solve his problems. Also signs of criminal activity and sexual adventurism are evident. When the vets came home from Vietnam they were not embraced or cared for, instead they were neglected and treated poorly. They had just risked their lives fighting for their country and got nothing in return, even worse they were abused by their fellow Americans. I can’t imagine what that must feel like. Odysseus could relate though. He spent so many years away from home fighting for his people and himself, to come home and find his friends trying to covet his wife. The only feeling I can imagine describing this is betrayal. I found this quote on a website about Vietnam vets and the question asks to the vet was: What was the worst thing about Vietnam? Having my old friends from high school telling me about their college protests and how "right" their cause was and how wrong we "baby killers" were - that hurt! By far, this was the worse thing about being in Nam for me. I can forget about the bugs, the rats, the physical wounds and the VC - but being betrayed by your own country, hurt more than any thing else. No other wound hurt so bad - not even getting bounced on my head by a rocket explosion. To this very day - this is my biggest soul killing memory of the Nam. -Bill ...